Leadership lesson summary

Qualities of a good leader are: confident; organised; good communicator; knowledgeable; approachable; inspirational.

There are 3 main styles of leadership:
Autocratic leaders are Leader-centred & make all decisions. This style should be used with Older; Male; Novices; Large groups; Little time & Dangerous tasks

Democratic leaders are player-centered & consult the group to make decisions. This style should be used with Younger; Females; Experts; Small groups; Lots of time & no danger

Laissez-faire leaders allow the group to make all decisions without any guidance.

Leaders can be appointed in 2 ways; emergent & prescribed 
Emergent leaders are appointed from within the group and are elected by the team & therefore have group approval.
Prescribed leaders are appointed by an external authority from outside the group.

Fiedler's Contingency Model suggests leadership should adapt to the situation & depends on 2 factors; leader style & situation

Fiedler suggests there are 2 leadership styles: 
Relationship motivated leaders are democratic & focus on developing good relationships with the players
Task motivated leaders are autocratic & focus on accomplishing the task

The Situational Favourableness (how favourable the situation is for the leader) depends on 4 factors (TARR):
1. Task - whether the task is well defined
2. Authority - what power the leader has to reward / punish players
3. Relations - whether the leader & players get along
4. Resources - what support, facilities, equipment etc the leader has available

In situations of High AND Low favourableness, leaders should adopt Task motivated style
In situations of Moderate favourableness, leaders should adopt Relationship motivated style

Chelladurai's Multidimensional model suggests a leader needs to adapt their behaviour to suit the situation & the group members

The model shows 3 antecedents (factors affecting) of behaviour; 3 types of behaviour & 2 outcomes of behaviour:

The Situation leads to a Required Behaviour (e.g. danger = leader must be safe)
The Leader's characteristics influence Leader behaviour (e.g. democratic leader = more likely to be democratic)
The Group Members leads to a Preferred Behaviour (e.g. males prefer autocratic style)

The key to the model is the middle section where the Leader Behaviour must adapt to meet the Required Behaviour & the Preferred Behaviour. If the leader adapts their behaviour to these 2 factors,  Group Performance & Satisfaction of the players will improve. E.g. in the example above, the naturally democratic leader may need to adapt to a more autocratic style in order to ensure safety & suit the needs of the male group.