Aggression 2 - theories & controlling aggression lesson summary

Instinct theory is the Trait theory of aggression. It suggests that aggression is genetically inherited and that we have a natural instinct to dominate others. Therefore, aggression can occur in all situations, including sport. Aggression releases a feeling of 'catharsis' as you let off steam and pent-up energy.
Social Learning theory suggests aggression is learnt from the environment through modelling of high status or models similar to the performer. Non-aggressive behaviour can also be learnt. Aggression is more likely to occur if the act is reinforced, or not punished (or if the performer thinks it will be reinforced or not punished).
Frustration-Aggression theory suggests that frustration occurs as a result of a goal being blocked. This frustration leads to aggression and if the aggression is successful, the performer releases catharsis but if the act is unsuccessful or punished, the performer becomes more frustrated which can lead to a greater likelihood of further aggression
Aggression Cue hypothesis suggests frustration leads to over-arousal and this state puts the performer in a state where they are ready to be aggressive. It only takes one aggressive 'cue' in the environment to push the performer over the edge and commit an aggressive act. Examples of such cues are an opponent being aggressive to the performer, equipment like stick and helmets that are associated with violence, or even your local rival's shirt.

Aggression can be controlled / reduced by the performer themselves, the coach, an official or National Governing Body. The performer can remove themselves from the situation, lower arousal levels, set performance goals and use non-aggressive role models. The coach can punish the aggressive player by substituting them, try not to reinforce aggression, set performance goals and and teach them to lower arousal. The official can pre-warn the players, be consistent and fair with decisions and punish aggression immediately. The NGB can ban or fine aggressive players, provide fair play awards and use non-aggressive role models.