Profile of Mood States (Morgan) results showed elite performers to have an "Iceberg profile" with high scores in vigour and low scores in tension, depression, fatigue, confusion and anger compared to non-elite performers.
We can criticise this as it measures mood, not personality and mood is variable. also not all elite performers have the profile and some non-elite do have it. It is also not surprising performers who are high in tension, depression etc are not performing well. You can also use generic criticisms of questionnaires here.
Personality Profiling has 2 arguments - Credulous approach says it is useful as we can channel performers with certain traits to certain sports (e.g. calm, type B into golf); Sceptical approach says we shouldn't use profiling as other factors are more important (skill levels, physiology etc)
Social Learning Theory suggests the Environment determines behaviour and we adapt our behaviour due to the situation we are in. We learn this behaviour through 2 methods - modelling and reinforcement. We model other people (of high status or if they are similar to us) and if our actions are reinforced we are more likely to do it again.
Interactionist theory suggests personality is determined by an interaction of traits and environment (B=fPE) so is a combination of Trait theory and Social Learning theory. Therefore our behaviour is the same in a stable environment but will change if we change the environment.
Hollander put forward an Interactionist theory with 3 parts - Psychological core (traits), Typical Responses & Role related behaviour (Social Learning)
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